{"sport":"mlb","slug":"fred-lake","bio":{"fullName":"Fred Lake","position":"C","team":"ATL","heightInches":70,"weightLbs":170,"birthDate":"1866-10-16","rookieSeason":1891,"lastSeason":1910,"status":"RET","externalIds":{"mlbam":"117416","chadwick":"803bfe71","retro":"lakef101","wikidata":"Q5495719"}},"draft":null,"statTables":[{"id":"batting","label":"Batting","columns":[{"key":"g"},{"key":"ab"},{"key":"r"},{"key":"h"},{"key":"doubles"},{"key":"triples"},{"key":"hr"},{"key":"rbi"},{"key":"sb"},{"key":"bb"},{"key":"so"},{"key":"avg"},{"key":"obp"},{"key":"slg"},{"key":"ops"}],"rows":[{"season":1891,"seasonType":"REG","team":"ATL","gamesPlayed":5,"values":{"g":5,"ab":7,"r":1,"h":1,"doubles":0,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":0,"sb":0,"bb":2,"so":4,"avg":0.143,"obp":0.333,"slg":0.143,"ops":0.476},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1894,"seasonType":"REG","team":"Louisville Colonels","gamesPlayed":16,"values":{"g":16,"ab":42,"r":8,"h":12,"doubles":2,"triples":0,"hr":1,"rbi":10,"sb":2,"bb":11,"so":6,"avg":0.286,"obp":0.474,"slg":0.405,"ops":0.879},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1897,"seasonType":"REG","team":"ATL","gamesPlayed":19,"values":{"g":19,"ab":62,"r":2,"h":15,"doubles":4,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":5,"sb":2,"bb":1,"so":null,"avg":0.242,"obp":0.254,"slg":0.306,"ops":0.56},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1898,"seasonType":"REG","team":"PIT","gamesPlayed":5,"values":{"g":5,"ab":13,"r":1,"h":1,"doubles":0,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":1,"sb":0,"bb":2,"so":null,"avg":0.077,"obp":0.2,"slg":0.077,"ops":0.277},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1910,"seasonType":"REG","team":"ATL","gamesPlayed":3,"values":{"g":3,"ab":1,"r":0,"h":0,"doubles":0,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":0,"sb":0,"bb":1,"so":0,"avg":0,"obp":0.5,"slg":0,"ops":0.5},"rowScope":"team"}],"careerTotals":{"REG":{"g":48,"ab":125,"r":12,"h":29,"doubles":6,"triples":0,"hr":1,"rbi":16,"sb":4,"bb":17,"so":10,"avg":0.232,"obp":0.342,"slg":0.304,"ops":0.646}}},{"id":"advanced","label":"Advanced (League-Relative)","columns":[{"key":"ops_plus","label":"OPS+","description":"On-base plus slugging vs the player's own season+league (100 = league average). Park-unadjusted; OBP uses a consistent (H+BB)/(AB+BB) rate. Higher is better.","format":"int","higherIsBetter":true},{"key":"era_plus","label":"ERA+","description":"Earned-run average vs the player's own season+league (100 = league average). Park-unadjusted. Higher is better.","format":"int","higherIsBetter":true}],"rows":[{"season":1891,"seasonType":"REG","team":"ATL","values":{"ops_plus":46,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1894,"seasonType":"REG","team":"Louisville Colonels","values":{"ops_plus":109,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1897,"seasonType":"REG","team":"ATL","values":{"ops_plus":53,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1898,"seasonType":"REG","team":"PIT","values":{"ops_plus":-16,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1910,"seasonType":"REG","team":"ATL","values":{"ops_plus":55,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"}],"careerTotals":{"REG":{"ops_plus":67,"era_plus":null}},"advancedMeta":{"method":"computed in-house from MLB StatsAPI season batting/pitching lines, normalized to each player's own (season, league) baseline","formulas":{"era_plus":"100 * lgERA / playerERA (league ERA = 9 * ΣER / ΣIP over the season+league)","ops_plus":"100 * (OBP/lgOBP + SLG/lgSLG - 1)","career_era_plus":"innings-weighted league ERA / career ERA (B-Ref method)","career_ops_plus":"AB-weighted OBP & SLG against AB-weighted league rates"},"caveats":["PARK-UNADJUSTED: no park-factor data exists in the corpus, so these are league-relative but not park-adjusted (true B-Ref ERA+/OPS+ also divide by a park factor)","OBP baseline uses a consistent (H+BB)/(AB+BB) reached-base rate for BOTH player and league — the source feed carries no HBP or SF, so this is not the full (H+BB+HBP)/(AB+BB+HBP+SF) OBP; SLG is exact from the hit-type columns","league resolved from team code + season (most-recently-founded franchise existing by that season); the same resolver builds the baseline and looks up the player, so ratios stay internally coherent","a (season, league) bucket below the sample floor (3000 AB batting / 1000 IP pitching) yields null — no noisy baselines","regular season only; postseason lines are excluded from league baselines and metrics","AL and NL and each historical/Negro league are normalized separately — never blended across leagues or eras"]}}],"dataSources":["MLB StatsAPI (statsapi.mlb.com — official public league API; facts only, raw payloads not republished)"],"generatedAt":"2026-07-03T07:50:50.720Z"}