{"sport":"mlb","slug":"leo-cardenas","bio":{"fullName":"Leo Cardenas","position":"SS","team":"TEX","heightInches":70,"weightLbs":160,"birthDate":"1938-12-17","rookieSeason":1960,"lastSeason":1975,"status":"RET","externalIds":{"mlbam":"111982","chadwick":"00f3d9cf","retro":"cardl101","wikidata":"Q6523653"}},"draft":null,"statTables":[{"id":"batting","label":"Batting","columns":[{"key":"g"},{"key":"ab"},{"key":"r"},{"key":"h"},{"key":"doubles"},{"key":"triples"},{"key":"hr"},{"key":"rbi"},{"key":"sb"},{"key":"bb"},{"key":"so"},{"key":"avg"},{"key":"obp"},{"key":"slg"},{"key":"ops"}],"rows":[{"season":1960,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":48,"values":{"g":48,"ab":142,"r":13,"h":33,"doubles":2,"triples":4,"hr":1,"rbi":12,"sb":0,"bb":6,"so":32,"avg":0.232,"obp":0.264,"slg":0.324,"ops":0.588},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1961,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":74,"values":{"g":74,"ab":198,"r":23,"h":61,"doubles":18,"triples":1,"hr":5,"rbi":24,"sb":1,"bb":15,"so":39,"avg":0.308,"obp":0.353,"slg":0.485,"ops":0.838},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1961,"seasonType":"POST","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":3,"values":{"g":3,"ab":3,"r":0,"h":1,"doubles":1,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":0,"sb":0,"bb":0,"so":1,"avg":0.333,"obp":null,"slg":0.667,"ops":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1962,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":153,"values":{"g":153,"ab":589,"r":77,"h":173,"doubles":31,"triples":4,"hr":10,"rbi":60,"sb":2,"bb":39,"so":99,"avg":0.294,"obp":0.341,"slg":0.411,"ops":0.752},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1963,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":158,"values":{"g":158,"ab":565,"r":42,"h":133,"doubles":22,"triples":4,"hr":7,"rbi":48,"sb":3,"bb":23,"so":101,"avg":0.235,"obp":0.27,"slg":0.326,"ops":0.596},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1964,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":163,"values":{"g":163,"ab":597,"r":61,"h":150,"doubles":32,"triples":2,"hr":9,"rbi":69,"sb":4,"bb":41,"so":110,"avg":0.251,"obp":0.299,"slg":0.357,"ops":0.656},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1965,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":156,"values":{"g":156,"ab":557,"r":65,"h":160,"doubles":25,"triples":11,"hr":11,"rbi":57,"sb":1,"bb":60,"so":100,"avg":0.287,"obp":0.355,"slg":0.431,"ops":0.786},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1966,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":160,"values":{"g":160,"ab":568,"r":59,"h":145,"doubles":25,"triples":4,"hr":20,"rbi":81,"sb":9,"bb":45,"so":87,"avg":0.255,"obp":0.309,"slg":0.419,"ops":0.728},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1967,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":108,"values":{"g":108,"ab":379,"r":30,"h":97,"doubles":14,"triples":3,"hr":2,"rbi":21,"sb":4,"bb":34,"so":77,"avg":0.256,"obp":0.32,"slg":0.325,"ops":0.645},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1968,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","gamesPlayed":137,"values":{"g":137,"ab":452,"r":45,"h":106,"doubles":13,"triples":2,"hr":7,"rbi":41,"sb":2,"bb":36,"so":83,"avg":0.235,"obp":0.292,"slg":0.319,"ops":0.611},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1969,"seasonType":"REG","team":"MIN","gamesPlayed":160,"values":{"g":160,"ab":578,"r":67,"h":162,"doubles":24,"triples":4,"hr":10,"rbi":70,"sb":5,"bb":66,"so":96,"avg":0.28,"obp":0.353,"slg":0.388,"ops":0.741},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1969,"seasonType":"POST","team":"MIN","gamesPlayed":3,"values":{"g":3,"ab":13,"r":0,"h":2,"doubles":0,"triples":1,"hr":0,"rbi":0,"sb":0,"bb":0,"so":7,"avg":0.154,"obp":null,"slg":0.308,"ops":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1970,"seasonType":"REG","team":"MIN","gamesPlayed":160,"values":{"g":160,"ab":588,"r":67,"h":145,"doubles":34,"triples":4,"hr":11,"rbi":65,"sb":2,"bb":42,"so":101,"avg":0.247,"obp":0.3,"slg":0.374,"ops":0.674},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1970,"seasonType":"POST","team":"MIN","gamesPlayed":3,"values":{"g":3,"ab":11,"r":1,"h":2,"doubles":0,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":1,"sb":0,"bb":1,"so":1,"avg":0.182,"obp":null,"slg":0.182,"ops":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1971,"seasonType":"REG","team":"MIN","gamesPlayed":153,"values":{"g":153,"ab":554,"r":59,"h":146,"doubles":25,"triples":4,"hr":18,"rbi":75,"sb":3,"bb":51,"so":69,"avg":0.264,"obp":0.321,"slg":0.421,"ops":0.742},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1972,"seasonType":"REG","team":"LAA","gamesPlayed":150,"values":{"g":150,"ab":551,"r":25,"h":123,"doubles":11,"triples":2,"hr":6,"rbi":42,"sb":1,"bb":35,"so":73,"avg":0.223,"obp":0.272,"slg":0.283,"ops":0.555},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1973,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CLE","gamesPlayed":72,"values":{"g":72,"ab":195,"r":9,"h":42,"doubles":4,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":12,"sb":1,"bb":13,"so":42,"avg":0.215,"obp":0.264,"slg":0.236,"ops":0.5},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1974,"seasonType":"REG","team":"TEX","gamesPlayed":34,"values":{"g":34,"ab":92,"r":5,"h":25,"doubles":3,"triples":0,"hr":0,"rbi":7,"sb":1,"bb":2,"so":14,"avg":0.272,"obp":0.287,"slg":0.304,"ops":0.591},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1975,"seasonType":"REG","team":"TEX","gamesPlayed":55,"values":{"g":55,"ab":102,"r":15,"h":24,"doubles":2,"triples":0,"hr":1,"rbi":5,"sb":0,"bb":14,"so":12,"avg":0.235,"obp":0.328,"slg":0.284,"ops":0.612},"rowScope":"team"}],"careerTotals":{"REG":{"g":1941,"ab":6707,"r":662,"h":1725,"doubles":285,"triples":49,"hr":118,"rbi":689,"sb":39,"bb":522,"so":1135,"avg":0.257,"obp":0.311,"slg":0.367,"ops":0.678},"POST":{"g":9,"ab":27,"r":1,"h":5,"doubles":1,"triples":1,"hr":0,"rbi":1,"sb":0,"bb":1,"so":9,"avg":0.185,"obp":null,"slg":0.296,"ops":null}}},{"id":"advanced","label":"Advanced (League-Relative)","columns":[{"key":"ops_plus","label":"OPS+","description":"On-base plus slugging vs the player's own season+league (100 = league average). Park-unadjusted; OBP uses a consistent (H+BB)/(AB+BB) rate. Higher is better.","format":"int","higherIsBetter":true},{"key":"era_plus","label":"ERA+","description":"Earned-run average vs the player's own season+league (100 = league average). Park-unadjusted. Higher is better.","format":"int","higherIsBetter":true}],"rows":[{"season":1960,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":67,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1961,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":130,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1962,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":107,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1963,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":75,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1964,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":92,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1965,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":131,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1966,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":110,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1967,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":93,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1968,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CIN","values":{"ops_plus":90,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1969,"seasonType":"REG","team":"MIN","values":{"ops_plus":114,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1970,"seasonType":"REG","team":"MIN","values":{"ops_plus":91,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1971,"seasonType":"REG","team":"MIN","values":{"ops_plus":118,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1972,"seasonType":"REG","team":"LAA","values":{"ops_plus":69,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1973,"seasonType":"REG","team":"CLE","values":{"ops_plus":45,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1974,"seasonType":"REG","team":"TEX","values":{"ops_plus":70,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"},{"season":1975,"seasonType":"REG","team":"TEX","values":{"ops_plus":77,"era_plus":null},"rowScope":"team"}],"careerTotals":{"REG":{"ops_plus":98,"era_plus":null}},"advancedMeta":{"method":"computed in-house from MLB StatsAPI season batting/pitching lines, normalized to each player's own (season, league) baseline","formulas":{"era_plus":"100 * lgERA / playerERA (league ERA = 9 * ΣER / ΣIP over the season+league)","ops_plus":"100 * (OBP/lgOBP + SLG/lgSLG - 1)","career_era_plus":"innings-weighted league ERA / career ERA (B-Ref method)","career_ops_plus":"AB-weighted OBP & SLG against AB-weighted league rates"},"caveats":["PARK-UNADJUSTED: no park-factor data exists in the corpus, so these are league-relative but not park-adjusted (true B-Ref ERA+/OPS+ also divide by a park factor)","OBP baseline uses a consistent (H+BB)/(AB+BB) reached-base rate for BOTH player and league — the source feed carries no HBP or SF, so this is not the full (H+BB+HBP)/(AB+BB+HBP+SF) OBP; SLG is exact from the hit-type columns","league resolved from team code + season (most-recently-founded franchise existing by that season); the same resolver builds the baseline and looks up the player, so ratios stay internally coherent","a (season, league) bucket below the sample floor (3000 AB batting / 1000 IP pitching) yields null — no noisy baselines","regular season only; postseason lines are excluded from league baselines and metrics","AL and NL and each historical/Negro league are normalized separately — never blended across leagues or eras"]}}],"dataSources":["MLB StatsAPI (statsapi.mlb.com — official public league API; facts only, raw payloads not republished)"],"generatedAt":"2026-07-03T03:00:12.318Z"}